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Backpacking in the Grand Teton National Park, United States

Backpacking (in US; tramping, trekking, or bushwalking in other countries) combines hiking and camping in a single trip. A backpacker hikes into the backcountry to spend one or more nights there, and carries supplies and equipment to satisfy sleeping and eating needs.

Definition

Varsity Scouts of the Boy Scouts of America preparing to hit the trail

A backpacker packs all of his or her gear into a backpack. This gear must include food, water, and shelter, or the means to obtain them, but very little else, and often in a more compact and simpler form than one would use for stationary camping. A backpacking trip must include at least one overnight stay in the wilderness (otherwise it is a day hike). Many backpacking trips last just a weekend (one or two nights), but long-distance expeditions may last weeks or months, sometimes aided by planned food and supply drops.

Backpacking camps are more spartan than ordinary camps. In areas that experience a regular traffic of backpackers, a hike-in camp might have a fire ring and a small wooden bulletin board with a map and some warning or information signs. Many hike-in camps are no more than level patches of ground without scrub or underbrush. In very remote areas, established camps do not exist at all, and travelers must choose appropriate camps themselves.

In some places, backpackers have access to lodging that is more substantial than a tent. In the more remote parts of Great Britain, bothies exist to provide simple (free) accommodation for backpackers. Another example is the High Sierra Camps in Yosemite National Park. Mountain huts provide similar accommodation in other countries, so being a member of a mountain hut organization is advantageous (perhaps required) to make use of their facilities. On other trails (e.g. the Appalachian Trail) there are somewhat more established shelters of a sort that offer a place for weary hikers to spend the night without needing to set up a tent.

Most backpackers purposely try to avoid impacting on the land through which they travel. This includes following established trails as much as possible, not removing anything, and not leaving residue in the backcountry. The Leave No Trace movement offers a set of guidelines for low-impact backpacking (”Leave nothing but footprints. Take nothing but photos. Kill nothing but time. Keep nothing but memories”).

Professional backpacking

For some people, backpacking is a necessary and integral part of their job.

In the US military a framed backpack is referred to as a “rucksack” or simply a “ruck”. Soldiers who serve in the militaries of most nation-states usually receive at least some rudimentary backpacking training while infantrymen are often trained to a more advanced backpacking skill level. They share many common attributes with amateur backpackers: being self-contained, use of land-navigation skills and actively minimizing their environmental foot-print. There are, however, a few differences — such as the need to carry weapons, ammunition, and communication equipment, and sometimes the need to maintain “noise and light discipline”, which means remaining silent and in darkness to avoid detection.

Other professional backpackers include scientific and academic researchers, professional guides, photographers, park-rangers and “search & rescue” personnel.

Motivation

Hikers backpacking through Stein Valley Provincial Park in British Columbia.

People are drawn to backpacking primarily for recreation, to explore places that they consider beautiful and fascinating, many of which cannot be accessed in any other way. A backpacker can travel deeper into remote areas, away from people and their effects, than a day-hiker can. However, backpacking presents more advantages besides distance of travel. Many weekend trips cover routes that could be hiked in a single day, but people choose to backpack them anyway, for the experience of staying overnight.

These possibilities come with disadvantages. The weight of a pack, laden with supplies and gear, forces traditional backpackers to travel more slowly than day-hikers would, and it can become a nuisance and a distraction from enjoying the scenery. In addition, camp chores (such as pitching camp, breaking camp, and cooking) can easily consume several hours every day. However, with practice, much of this downtime can be purged from the day.

Backpackers face many risks, including adverse weather, difficult terrain, treacherous river crossings, and hungry or unpredictable animals (although…(and so on) To get More information , you can visit some products about gps mobie phone, touchscreen watch mobile, . The TV Dubao668 (New) PHONE products should be show more here!

Do you ever have a day when you have nothing to do ?, You know them times when your on the internet in some chat room, and you type ‘ I’m bored ! ‘, or your flipping through the TV channels, and you say to yourself or out loud ‘ 250 channels, and nothing good to watch ! ‘, yes, you know what I am talking about. Now you have something you can do on them so called boring days, go bird watching.

No matter where you live you probably have birds of some kind, even folks in New York have central park and other places where they can go bird watching. There are three things you should have when bird watching, these are a pair of binoculars, a notebook, and a bird guide.

Binoculars can be purchased for under $60 at most Kmart or Walmart stores. Binoculars with a magnification of 10 x 50 are perfect for bird watching. Don’t think that a more powerful pair of binoculars like 20 x 60 or 30 x 80 are better, this is not the case. Stronger binoculars are fine if you are into star gazing, but they are horrible for bird watching. The higher powered binoculars need a tripod to use them without shaking, and even without a tripod, the powerful binoculars are larger and can be very heavy to carry around, the 10 x 50 ones are perfect for every occasion.

A small tablet or notebook can be purchased at most stores, don’t get nothing expensive just a small spiral one will do fine. Now the last thing is the most important item when it comes to bird watching. If you are truly going to watch birds, you should know what type of birds you are looking at when you spot a new one, so visit your local book store or look in the birding section of an online bookstore, such as amazon, at the end of this article I have a website address that has some of Amazons best bird guides, videos, binoculars and more.

Ok, so you have your binoculars, notebook and pencil, and your bird guide, now let’s go outside and go bird watching. I am sure you won’t have to walk very far to spot a bird or two. I am lucky enough to currently live here in the country, all I have to do is open my door and I will hear the sounds of birds. If I step outside my front door, I can often see sparrows or finches, in the spring time the yard always has a couple robins hopping around, and crows flying around the nearby woods, high overhead I often see turkey buzzards soaring against the blue sky. One time I opened my front door and across the road in the top of a large tree a horned owl was sitting, it stayed there for about 10 minutes, turning it’s head often as it looked around.

If you have any grassy, wooded or open areas with trees or bushes, you can usually find birds. One of the best things about bird watching is anyone can do it, even if your in a wheelchair, you can sit and watch birds. It’s a great recreation for anyone that is alone, or for the whole family to do together.

When you go out, remember to take your bird watching items with you, your binoculars, notebook and pencil, and bird guide. When you spot a bird look in your binoculars too see all it’s beauty in close detail, if you do not recognize the species of bird your seeing, get out your bird guide and look it up. When you realize the type of bird you see, write down in your notebook the following information; ‘ the name of the bird, the area where it was spotted, the date, and time ‘. The information in your notebook, helps you understand what types of birds frequent your area, it also is pretty neet being able to read back and see when you spotted a new or rare bird.

If you have a yard, tree or even a window you can attract birds by installing a simple feeder. Bird feeders are very inexpensive and they have feeders that can hang on a tree branch, or fence, or even stick to the outside of a window.

Attracting different species of birds often requires different types of bird seed and other food. Hummingbirds are attracted to red, pink and orange flowers, they especially like trumpet vines or other tubular-flowered plants, they are also very attracted to hummingbird feeders filled with sugar water or red sweetened kool-aid. Robins like mowed lawns, so in the spring and summer if you want to see robins, mow your grass, the birds come looking for bugs and earthworms that are more easily accessible because you cut the grass length. Goldfinches love thistle seed, thistle is more expensive then most common bird seed, but you cannot beat it if you want to attract goldfinches. Blue Jays are large and sometimes noisy, but if you want to bring them, put out a feeder full of black oil sunflower seeds. Cardinals are very neat looking, there is nothing nicer than looking out the window in the winter, and seeing a bright red cardinal sitting on a nearby tree branch or feeder. Cardinals are like Blue Jays, in that they both love a diet of black oil sunflower seeds. If you want to attract sparrows, a bag of plain mixed bird seed will do just fine.

There is Computer Software that is made just for ‘ Bird Watching ‘. The software is called: ‘ Bird Watcher Professional ‘, you can read the details and download a trial version of it for free at this website address:

http://www.rb59.com/bwpro

Here is a website address that has some of the best Bird Guides (Books), Videos, Binoculars and other birding equipment that Amazon sells:

http://www.rb59.com/bwpro/bird-watching-information.html

By Robert W. Benjamin

Copyright © 2006

You may publish this article in your ezine, newsletter or on your web site as long as it is reprinted in its entirety and without modification except for formatting needs or grammar corrections.

Though most people fear spider bites because of the nasty symptoms associated with them, sometimes there is nothing to worry about, as a small skin wound is no threat for one’s health. Not all spider bites are dangerous, since the majority of spider species are totally harmless for humans; with the exception of a few venomous ones, the rest are pretty safe.

When a spider bites you, the first thing to do is trying to identify the species, if it be possible; knowing what type of spider bit you may be crucial in case an anti-venom has to be used. Superficial spider bites can only cause a skin rash and some itching: nothing more. The remedy for such cases is pretty much at hand: cold water and aloe ointments could alleviate the irritating sensation.

People who live in geographical areas that represent the habitat of venomous species tend to learn how to recognize the dangerous specimens and thus avoid coming into contact with them. The treatment for special spider bites can only be provided in professional medical institutions since the risk the victim faces in most such cases is necrosis.

What is the first aid procedure in case of spider bites? It all depends on the body part where you’ve been bitten; when the spider bites occur on the arm or the leg, tie a bandage right above the bite so as to prevent the spreading of the venom. Nevertheless, too tight a bandage may affect the correct blood flow in the area. A cold cloth pressed on the wound will reduced the swelling and the redness associated with spider bites in general.

The immediate drug treatment of risky spider bites usually includes the administration of an anti-venom based on corticosteroids. The administration of specific medication can only be done by authorized medical personal and when the circumstances indicate a toxic venom exposure. Contact a health care provider immediately if you’ve been bitten by a spider and you experience fever, nausea, swelling of the tissues and severe pain.

The severity of spider bites is determined according not only to the species to which the aggressor belongs, but to the amount of venom that is injected by the spider. Thus, when a spider is trying to subdue its prey, the venom amount depends on the size of its meal, whereas, in a defensive venom release, the spider will do anything to protect itself and its nest. The latter type of spider bites are therefore a lot more serious than the former.

If you look inside my medicine cabinet, you will see why Big Pharma might broke with too many guys like me around. The big pharmaceutical companies have to hate guys like me. Let me explain.

I had to check my medicine cabinet after my older sister recently sent me one of those emails about baby boomers getting older, and the stuff they supposedly are all taking as they age, or need to take. While I enjoyed the humor, I said to myself, I do not take any of these things. None. Was that true, I asked myself.

To see, I checked my medicine cabinet and the drawers in my bathroom. I was right. There was not one prescription medicine or anything like that, nothing.

I am not bragging; that is simply the truth. I take no prescription drugs. No blood pressure or cholesterol medicine. My medicine cabinet contains no drugs of any kind, prescription, over the counter, off the Net, anything.

No laxatives. No Joint Juice or other such creaky bone medicines, and I am of the age where supposedly people need these. Speaking of which, no Viagra or other erection pills. Again, I am not bragging but I have never had the slightest need for these products. I am old, yet I am lusty, as Shakespeare says in Richard III.

I do not even have aspirin. What do I have? Really boring stuff. Band-aids. Contact lens solution. A skin moisturizer. Dental floss. Toothpaste. Anti-bacterial ointment for cuts. Deodorant.

Like I say, boring stuff, but no medicines, prescription drugs or any other kind of drug or medicinal potions, not even headache remedies of any kind. I do not get headaches, and rarely have aches or pains.

As I write this in April, I sailed healthfully through the past flu season, which I read was a nasty one, without the flu and without a flu shot. I did not catch a cold this past cold season and I rarely do any time. I cannot remember the last time I was sick. But I know it was not for long.

I do remember the last time I went to the doctor. It was an emergency trip to the hospital for an appendectomy, more than 22 years ago.

If you ask to what do I attribute my spectacular health, the answer is easy: my balanced, plant-based diet of whole, fresh, natural foods and lots of great, fun outdoor exercise. My main beverage is pure, filtered water. I eat no junk food, fast food or any kind of refined food. Just whole, natural foods, nothing taken away, nothing added. Foods as grown.

I adhere to a strict code of conduct in the area of eating. Only premium fuels go into my body. And I love real food, nutrient-dense, delicious, colorful, natural foods.

Not only is my diet and exercise program great for fat loss and fitness, but for overall spectacular health. I honestly believe that the most important thing we do every day is what we eat and drink. And great outdoor exercise is just as important.

What I do not eat, drink or take is just as important to my program. I do not eat meat, fish, poultry, dairy products of any kind, or eggs. I do not eat fast food or processed, refined, packaged foods. I eat whole, natural foods, nothing added, nothing taken away.

I do not drink protein shakes or energy drinks. No coffee, caffeine drinks or alcohol. Those caffeine drinks, by the way, include all the phony energy drinks that are laced with caffeine. And on my list of beverages I never drink are sodas, including diet sodas, ice tea drinks, ice coffee drinks, and booster beverages like Ensure and Boost.

I do not take fat blaster pills of any kind, or vitamins or supplements. I believe it is important for those who do not eat animals or animal products to make sure they get adequate amounts of vitamin B-12. I get mine from eating nutritional yeast, which is different from brewers yeast. I have developed a fondness for nutritional yeast and enjoy it in a number of different dishes. Vitamin B-12 is also available in foods fortified with it and in supplement form.

I recently took a fitness test given by the American College of Sports Medicine and scored the highest possible score for 20 to 29-year-olds.

If you want what I have, whatever age you are, and I am 60, try following my example. I firmly believe you will like the results, for many spectacularly healthy reasons.